Age: 1 yr
Size: 18-24"
Height at maturity: Typically reaches 8–15 feet (2.4–4.6 meters) as a large shrub or small tree, occasionally up to 20 feet (6 meters) in ideal conditions. Often grows as a multi-stemmed shrub with a dense, upright habit.
Diameter: Individual stems are slender, with trunk diameters typically less than 4–6 inches (10–15 cm). The overall spread as a multi-stemmed shrub can be 6–12 feet (1.8–3.7 meters) wide.
Crown shape: Develops a rounded to upright, slightly spreading crown with a dense, bushy form. Young plants are more compact, while mature shrubs become broader with arching branches, creating an open, rounded silhouette.
Benefits: Produces clusters of bright red, edible berries (ripening in late summer to fall) that persist into winter, used for jellies, sauces, or preserves (tart and requiring processing) and valued by wildlife, especially birds. Offers three-season interest: showy white lacecap flowers (May–June) that attract pollinators like bees and butterflies, lush green foliage in summer, and vibrant red to purple fall color. Provides cover and nesting sites for birds. Tolerates wet soils and is useful for erosion control due to its fibrous root system. Adaptable to urban conditions, including pollution and shade. Low maintenance, though pruning helps maintain shape and remove older stems; generally resistant to pests and diseases.
Best soil type: Prefers moist, well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soils (pH 5.5–7.0). Thrives in loamy or sandy soils with organic matter but adapts to a range of conditions, including wet, clay, or boggy soils. Performs best in full sun to partial shade, with consistent moisture for optimal berry production.