Age: 1 yr
Size: 18-24"
Height at maturity: Typically reaches 60–80 feet (18–24 meters) as a large tree, occasionally up to 100 feet (30 meters) in optimal conditions. Usually grows with a single, straight trunk.
Diameter: The trunk of a mature tree can reach 2–3 feet (60–90 cm) in diameter at breast height. The canopy spread is typically 45–65 feet (14–20 meters) wide, depending on growing conditions.
Crown shape: Develops a broad, rounded crown with sturdy, spreading branches. Young trees have a more pyramidal shape, maturing to a wider, open form with a robust, symmetrical structure.
Benefits: Produces acorns that mature in fall of the second year, providing a critical food source for wildlife such as deer, squirrels, turkeys, and other birds. Features vibrant green leaves in summer that turn brilliant red to orange in fall, making it a striking ornamental tree for large landscapes, parks, or woodland edges. Supports biodiversity by hosting numerous insect species and providing habitat for birds. Tolerates urban conditions moderately well, including pollution and compacted soils, but may be susceptible to pests like gypsy moths or diseases such as oak wilt. Low maintenance once established, with occasional pruning to remove dead or damaged branches.
Best soil type: Prefers deep, moist, well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soils (pH 5.5–7.0). Thrives in loamy or sandy soils with good fertility. Tolerates a range of soil types, including clay, but requires adequate drainage to prevent root rot. Performs best in full sun but can tolerate partial shade, with full sun promoting optimal growth and fall color.