Age: 2 yr
Size: 18-24"
Height at maturity: Typically reaches 15–25 feet (4.5–7.6 meters) as a small tree or large shrub, occasionally up to 30 feet (9 meters) in optimal conditions. Often grows with a multi-stemmed or single-stemmed habit.
Diameter: The trunk of a single-stemmed tree can reach 4–8 inches (10–20 cm) in diameter. The canopy spread is typically 15–25 feet (4.5–7.6 meters) wide, depending on growing conditions.
Crown shape: Develops a distinctive, tiered, horizontally layered crown resembling a pagoda, with alternating branches creating a unique, open structure. Young plants are more upright, maturing to a broader, flat-topped form.
Benefits: Produces clusters of small, creamy-white flowers (May–June) that attract pollinators like bees and butterflies, followed by bluish-black berries (ripening in late summer) that are a food source for birds (e.g., robins, cedar waxwings) and small mammals. Offers multi-season interest with glossy green leaves in summer, reddish-purple fall foliage, and attractive branching in winter. Provides cover for wildlife and is suitable for ornamental landscaping, shade gardens, or naturalized areas. Tolerates shade and is relatively low maintenance, though it may be susceptible to pests like dogwood sawfly or diseases like anthracnose in humid conditions.
Best soil type: Prefers moist, well-drained, slightly acidic soils (pH 5.5–6.5). Thrives in loamy soils rich in organic matter. Tolerates sandy or clay soils but requires good drainage to prevent root issues. Performs best in partial shade to full sun, with consistent moisture for optimal growth.