Age: 2 yr
Size: 18-24"
Height at maturity: Typically reaches 15–30 feet (4.5–9 meters) as a small tree or large shrub, occasionally up to 40 feet (12 meters) in optimal conditions. Often grows as a multi-stemmed or single-stemmed plant, forming small colonies via root suckers.
Diameter: The trunk of a mature tree can reach 8–12 inches (20–30 cm) in diameter. The canopy spread is typically 10–20 feet (3–6 meters) wide, depending on growing conditions.
Crown shape: Develops a rounded to pyramidal crown with large, drooping leaves, creating a dense, tropical appearance. Young trees are more upright, maturing to a broader, open form with a lush, leafy canopy.
Benefits: Produces large, edible, custard-like fruits (ripening in late summer to fall) with a sweet, banana-mango flavor, enjoyed by humans and wildlife such as opossums, raccoons, and birds. Offers spring interest with small, purplish-brown flowers (April–May) that attract pollinators like flies and beetles. Provides vibrant yellow fall foliage. Supports forest understory ecosystems and is ideal for naturalized or edible landscapes. Tolerates shade and wet soils but may be susceptible to pests like pawpaw peduncle borer or diseases like fungal leaf spot. Low maintenance, though fruit production is enhanced by cross-pollination and pruning to manage suckers.
Best soil type: Prefers moist, well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soils (pH 5.5–7.0). Thrives in rich, loamy soils with high organic matter. Tolerates clay or sandy soils and wet conditions but requires good drainage to prevent root rot. Performs best in partial shade to full sun.