Age: 1 yr
Size: 18-24"
Height at maturity: Typically reaches 15–30 feet (4.5–9 meters) as a small tree, occasionally up to 40 feet (12 meters) in ideal conditions. Can also be grown as a multi-stemmed shrub, reaching 10–20 feet (3–6 meters) in height.
Diameter: The trunk of a single-stemmed tree can reach 8–12 inches (20–30 cm) in diameter. As a multi-stemmed shrub, the spread can be 15–25 feet (4.5–7.6 meters) wide.
Crown shape: Develops a broad, rounded, or slightly flattened crown with a layered, horizontal branching pattern. Young trees are more upright, maturing to a wider, tiered form with a graceful, open structure.
Benefits: Produces showy white bracts (often mistaken for flowers) in spring (April–May), attracting pollinators like bees and butterflies. Yields red berries in fall, which are a food source for birds and small mammals. Offers striking fall foliage in shades of red, purple, or scarlet. Provides year-round interest with textured bark and attractive branching. Suitable for ornamental landscaping, shade gardens, or urban settings due to its compact size and tolerance of partial shade. Supports wildlife and adds aesthetic value to landscapes. Low maintenance but may be susceptible to pests like dogwood borer or diseases like anthracnose in humid climates.
Best soil type: Prefers moist, well-drained, slightly acidic soils (pH 5.5–6.5). Thrives in loamy or sandy soils rich in organic matter. Tolerates clay soils but requires good drainage to prevent root rot. Performs best in soils with consistent moisture but can adapt to moderately dry conditions.